{"id":3770,"date":"2021-03-23T08:42:19","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T13:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/?page_id=3770"},"modified":"2025-11-19T10:32:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:32:20","slug":"history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/?page_id=3770","title":{"rendered":"HISTORY"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3770\" class=\"elementor elementor-3770\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8be2d92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8be2d92\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-74f6088\" data-id=\"74f6088\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2491a9b elementor--h-position-center elementor--v-position-middle elementor-pagination-position-inside elementor-widget elementor-widget-slides\" data-id=\"2491a9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;dots&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;transition&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;transition_speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"slides.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-slides-wrapper elementor-main-swiper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\" data-animation=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper elementor-slides\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-repeater-item-49702dd swiper-slide\"><div class=\"swiper-slide-bg\"><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide-inner\" ><div class=\"swiper-slide-contents\"><div class=\"elementor-slide-heading\">The History <\/div><div class=\"elementor-slide-description\">JRO develops observations and research\n<br>\nof the equatorial ionosphere and upper atmosphere.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aa8a3f1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aa8a3f1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a399fe\" data-id=\"5a399fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acabb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acabb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>HISTORY OF JICAMARCA RADIO OBSERVATORY<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-65d6177 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"65d6177\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d63a47\" data-id=\"2d63a47\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d997412 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d997412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-historia-497x336-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-historia-497x336-1.jpg 497w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-historia-497x336-1-300x203.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cf86de7\" data-id=\"cf86de7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd1a035 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd1a035\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>In the context of the space race, the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) was built, between 1960 and 1962, to make studies and observations of the equatorial ionosphere and upper atmosphere.<br \/>The construction of JRO was carried out by the Central Laboratory of Radio Propagation (CRPL) of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) of the United States in cooperation with the Instituto Geof\u00edsico del Per\u00fa (IGP). A few years later, the CRPL became part of the Environmental Science Service Administration (ESSA), which then became the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the United States.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8d87be8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8d87be8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46624f7\" data-id=\"46624f7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abde8cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"abde8cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<!-- Importar Material Icons -->\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/icon?family=Material+Icons\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n  .aero-section {\n    text-align: center;\n    max-width: 500px;\n    width: 100%;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    font-family: 'Futura', sans-serif;\n    position: relative;\n  }\n\n  .aero-line {\n    height: 3px;\n    background: #0000af;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 20px;\n    left: 0;\n    width: 50%;\n    z-index: 0;\n  }\n\n  .aero-title-badge {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #0000af;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 6px 60px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    position: relative;\n    z-index: 1;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n\n\n  @media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .aero-line {\n      display: none;\n    }\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- HTML del contenido -->\n<div class=\"aero-line\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"aero-section\">\n  <div class=\"aero-title-badge\">1961<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-017801d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"017801d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>In 1961, the first observations of the ionosphere were conducted with only one-eighth of the main antenna of the Jicamarca radar. This marked the beginning of multiple studies and observations that have been made over the years. <\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edb6e68\" data-id=\"edb6e68\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb2856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5eb2856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"397\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-historia-397x251-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-historia-397x251-1.jpg 397w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/2-historia-397x251-1-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-121bc65 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"121bc65\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-00c0c2e\" data-id=\"00c0c2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18dd801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"18dd801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<!-- Importar Material Icons -->\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/icon?family=Material+Icons\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n  .aero-section {\n    text-align: center;\n    max-width: 500px;\n    width: 100%;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    font-family: 'Futura', sans-serif;\n    position: relative;\n  }\n\n  .aero-line {\n    height: 3px;\n    background: #0000af;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 20px;\n    left: 0;\n    width: 50%;\n    z-index: 0;\n  }\n\n  .aero-title-badge {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #0000af;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 6px 60px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    position: relative;\n    z-index: 1;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n\n\n  @media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .aero-line {\n      display: none;\n    }\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- HTML del contenido -->\n<div class=\"aero-line\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"aero-section\">\n  <div class=\"aero-title-badge\">1969<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abc2af6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"abc2af6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span>Years later, in 1969, ESSA transferred the direction of the observatory to IGP and continued to support the operation of the observatory for several more years; however, this support was gradually reduced. In parallel, the National Science Foundation (NSF) began to partially support the operation of JRO, first through NOAA and, since 1979, through Cornell University by means of a Cooperation Agreement with IGP <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ded47ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ded47ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<!-- Importar Material Icons -->\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/icon?family=Material+Icons\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n\n<style>\n  .aero-section {\n    text-align: center;\n    max-width: 500px;\n    width: 100%;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    font-family: 'Futura', sans-serif;\n    position: relative;\n  }\n\n  .aero-line {\n    height: 3px;\n    background: #0000af;\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 20px;\n    left: 0;\n    width: 50%;\n    z-index: 0;\n  }\n\n  .aero-title-badge {\n    display: inline-block;\n    background-color: #0000af;\n    color: white;\n    padding: 6px 60px;\n    border-radius: 30px;\n    font-weight: bold;\n    font-size: 16px;\n    position: relative;\n    z-index: 1;\n    margin-bottom: 20px;\n  }\n\n\n  @media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .aero-line {\n      display: none;\n    }\n  }\n<\/style>\n\n<!-- HTML del contenido -->\n<div class=\"aero-line\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"aero-section\">\n  <div class=\"aero-title-badge\">1991<\/div>\n<\/div>\n \n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e45cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e45cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>In 1991, Ciencia Internacional \u2014a non-profit civil association\u2014 was created with the purpose of providing personnel, goods, and services to the observatory in order to support the IGP in the operation of JRO. <\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c8c199\" data-id=\"9c8c199\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3f5716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a3f5716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"397\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-historia-397x500-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-historia-397x500-1.jpg 397w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/3-historia-397x500-1-238x300.jpg 238w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 397px) 100vw, 397px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The History JRO develops observations and research of the equatorial ionosphere and upper atmosphere. HISTORY OF JICAMARCA RADIO OBSERVATORY In the context of the space race, the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) was built, between 1960 and 1962, to make studies and observations of the equatorial ionosphere and upper atmosphere.The construction [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":32,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3770","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3770"}],"version-history":[{"count":241,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14539,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3770\/revisions\/14539"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}