{"id":3580,"date":"2021-03-22T13:37:25","date_gmt":"2021-03-22T18:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/?page_id=3580"},"modified":"2021-04-27T15:57:23","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T20:57:23","slug":"mst","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/?page_id=3580","title":{"rendered":"MST"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3580\" class=\"elementor elementor-3580\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ff639d6 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ff639d6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d728520\" data-id=\"d728520\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d318d5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d318d5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>MST MODES<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e96372a elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e96372a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f7a2b9\" data-id=\"4f7a2b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4179e5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4179e5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) modes are intended to get height profiles of wind and turbulence measurements above Jicamarca. This technique was first developed at Jicamarca in the early 1970&#8217;s [ Woodman and Guillen, 1974 ]. Since then it has rapidly evolved and nowadays there are many radars that use it around the World. However, the majority of these radars are smaller and less powerful than Jicamarca and therefore are only able to get measurements from the lower atmosphere. For information about the theoretical and technical details on the MST technique, consult the article \u00bb MST and ST Radars and Wind Profilers \u00bb (by R. F. Woodman).<br \/>There are mainly two methods employed at Jicamarca Radio Observatory to get MST measurements: Doppler beam swinging (DBS) and Spaced Antenna (SA).<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4b1b5ba elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4b1b5ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7e40aa\" data-id=\"c7e40aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4c8ecb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d4c8ecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>DBS METHOD<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6c5792 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6c5792\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e7c3fe\" data-id=\"5e7c3fe\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c48c907 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c48c907\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>The DBS measurements at Jicamarca are usually made with four predefined beam positions using pre-wired half-antenna sections. All 4 beams are symmetrical respect to vertical pointing to the E, W, N and S directions and tilted only ~2.5\u00ba, because the antenna phasing is done between modules. <br \/>When the MST transmitters are employed, useful measurements can be obtained between 4 and 25 km. In addition, these measurements can be done unattended and for long periods. On the other hand, when the big transmitters are used, measurements can be extended up to mesospheric heights, including most of the stratosphere. However, mesospheric echoes are only obtained during the day. Moreover, the lowest useful height is ~12 km due to strong clutter. Below is an example of the zonal, meridional and vertical winds obtained in the low power mode.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7a81683 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7a81683\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-032e13b\" data-id=\"032e13b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93284fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"93284fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_dbs.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_dbs.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_dbs-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_dbs-768x597.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62aea7d elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62aea7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbdab32\" data-id=\"fbdab32\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8dcfac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8dcfac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>SA METHOD<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e798df elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e798df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb3d3f4\" data-id=\"fb3d3f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdb9f2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cdb9f2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Spaced antenna measurements are also possible at Jicamarca using 1\/4 or 1\/64th sections as receiving antennas. Details on these SA measurements can be found in Royrvik [1982] for mesospheric measurements and Chau and Balsley [1998] for lower atmospheric measurements. This mode also allow us to get correlation lengths of the scatterers and corrected turbulence intensities [ Chau et al., 2000 ]. Below is an example of lower atmospheric measurements using the SA mode.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0e86fe elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0e86fe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfca938\" data-id=\"bfca938\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6c8f97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c6c8f97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"696\" height=\"765\" src=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_sa.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_sa.jpg 696w, https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/jro_sa-273x300.jpg 273w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MST MODES The Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) modes are intended to get height profiles of wind and turbulence measurements above Jicamarca. This technique was first developed at Jicamarca in the early 1970&#8217;s [ Woodman and Guillen, 1974 ]. Since then it has rapidly evolved and nowadays there are many radars that use [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3565,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3580","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3580"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3580\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5060,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3580\/revisions\/5060"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.igp.gob.pe\/observatorios\/radio-observatorio-jicamarca\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}